Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), often referred to simply as Autism, is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects how individuals experience the world, communicate, and interact socially. It is now widely understood within the broader framework of neurodiversity, which recognises Autism as a natural variation in human neurocognitive functioning rather than a disorder to be “fixed”.

While Autism is a complex lifelong developmental disability, children and adults with Autism can make significant progress and live fulfilling lives provided they have appropriate intervention and timely access to specialist services that understand their needs and are experienced in developing their skills and strengths.

Characteristics of Autism (ASD)

ASD is characterised by marked difficulties in behaviour, social interaction, communication and sensory sensitivities. Some of these characteristics are common among people who are neurodivergent others are typical of the disability but not necessarily exhibited by all people on the autism spectrum.

All people on the autism spectrum are affected to some degree in two main areas: social communication and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Autism is also often characterised by sensory sensitivities. ASD is a lifelong developmental condition.

The quality of life for many children and adults is significantly improved by a diagnosis that leads to appropriate evidence-informed intervention or support that recognises individual strengths and interests.

ASD and the Neurodiversity Framework

The neurodiversity paradigm views Autism not as a disorder to be cured, but as a natural variation of human neurological development.

Autism and Neurodiversity

Autism is increasingly understood through the lens of neurodiversity, a term that recognises neurological differences—including Autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and others—as natural variations in the human brain rather than deficits or disorders.

Under this framework, Autism is viewed as part of a broad spectrum of human neurocognitive functioning. Many Autistic individuals and advocates prefer identity-first language (e.g. “Autistic person”) rather than person-first language (e.g. “person with Autism”), to affirm Autism as an integral part of who they are.

The neurodiversity model supports approaches that:

• Focus on accommodation and support rather than cure
• Recognise and value Autistic strengths such as attention to detail, creativity, and pattern recognition
• Advocate for inclusion, self-determination, and acceptance in education, work, and community life

Resources

The Autism Association of Western Australia (AAWA), in partnership with the Curtin University of Technology, has established an Autism Specific Early Learning and Care Centre in central Midland. This centre opened in January 2019

References

Autism Association of Western Australia https://www.autism.org.au

Autism Awareness https://www.autismawareness.com.au/therapies/early-intervention/applied-behaviour-analysis-aba/

Autism Spectrum Australia https://www.autismspectrum.org.au/about-autism/what-is-autism